[Colonel Hermann Schwyter, equine surgeon, a formative personality of equine medicine]. / Oberst Hermann Schwyter, Oberpferdarzt, eine prägende Persönlichkeit der Pferdemedizin.

INTRODUCTION: The biography of Colonel Hermann Schwyter, equine surgeon of the Swiss Army from 1928 to 1937, and the history of training of farriers in Switzerland since the 18th century are presented. Hermann Schwyters dissertation examined the changes of equine hoof confirmation as a result of standing and gait in approximately 2,000 horses and numerous anatomical specimens. He defines the foot placement, describes possible variations, their causes and effects. Significant is also his study of the compression pathology in horses and mules. His recommendations are still valid today. The present article refers to his authored textbook "The Swiss military farrier" and to his established journal, which is bearing the same title.

INTRODUCTION: On présente la biographie du colonel Hermann Schwyter, vétérinaire en chef de l'armée suisse de 1928 à 1937 et l'historique de la formation des maréchaux en Suisse depuis le XVIIIe siècle. Dans sa thèse, Hermann Schwyter a examiné l'évolution de la forme du pied du cheval en fonction des aplombs et des allures sur environ 2000 chevaux et de nombreuses préparations. Il a défini la position normale du pied, décrit les déviations, leurs causes et leurs effets. Il faut également souligner son étude sur les dommages dus aux pressions chez les chevaux et les mulets. Ses recommandations sont toujours valables aujourd'hui. Il est également fait référence à son ouvrage «Le maréchal-ferrant militaire suisse¼ ainsi qu'au journal portant le même titre qu'il avait créé.

Aquellos veterinarios de Annual / Those veterinarians of Annual

Próximo a cumplirse el primer centenario de unos trágicos sucesos conocidos por la historiografía como el «Desastre de Annual», un enclave del norte de África donde, en julio y agosto de 1921, miles de soldados españoles murieron masacrados por las hordas rifeñas, hemos pretendido recordar a los veterinarios militares que vivieron aquellas durísimas jornadas cumpliendo la misión que tenían encomendada, dando acreditada muestra de compañerismo, valor y heroísmo. Para este propósito nos hemos apoyado en abundante bibliografía, archivos del cementerio de Melilla, testimonios personales de descendientes, y fuentes documentales relativas al juicio contradictorio para la concesión de la Laureada colectiva al Regimiento de Cazadores Alcántara 14. También hemos realizado consultas en los archivos municipales de las poblaciones de donde eran naturales los protagonistas de este trabajo

Near the frst centenary of some tragic events known to history as the Annual Disaster, an enclave of North Africa where, in July and August 1921, Thousands of Spanish soldiers died massacred by the rifes and hordes, I have tried to remind the military veterinarians who lived those very hard days fulflling the mission they had entrusted, giving accredited show of companionship, courage and heroism. For this purpose I have relied on abundant bibliography, Melilla cemetery archives, personal testimonies of descendants, and documentary sources related to the contradictory trial for the granting of the collective Laureate to the Alcantara Hunters Regiment 14. I have also consulted in the municipal archives of the populations where our fellow veterinary protagonists of this work were natural

Marcelino Ramírez García (1864-1940) veterinario militar y médico, precursor del concepto: "Un mundo, una salud" / Marcelino Ramírez García (1864-1940) veterinarian of the Military Veterinary Corps, and medical doctor, forerunner of: "One world, one health"

Marcelino Ramírez García [Bergasa (La Rioja) 1864 - Logroño 1940] fue un veterinario militar y médico español de destacado nivel científico, que dedicó la mayor parte de su trabajo a la tuberculosis, tanto en el aspecto de la patología animal como humana; y a la relación entre ambas. Fue un trabajador integral en la lucha contra ese azote de la Humanidad, a la que históricamente se denominó «La peste blanca». Su inaudito equilibrio en el ejercicio de ambas profesiones le convierte, de pleno, en un precursor eminente del concepto: «Un mundo, una salud»

Marcelino Ramirez Garcia [Bergasa (La Rioja) 1864 - Logroño 1940] was a military vet and Spanish doctor leading scientific level, which devoted most of his work to tuberculosis, both in terms of animal pathology and human, and the relationship between both. It was an integral worker in the fight against this scourge of humanity to which historically was called «The White Plague». His unusual balance in the exercise of both professions, makes him fully an eminent precursor of the concept: «One world, one health»

The role of the US Army Veterinary Corps in military family pet health.

Even though privately-owned pet care is a lower priority mission than military working dog care, food inspection,and the public health mission, it is still very important,and the one that many Veterinary Corps officers, civil-ian veterinarians, and technicians enjoy the most. The vast majority of veterinarians and technicians went into veterinary medicine because of a love for animals. It is fulfilling to offer guidance to a client with a new puppy or kitten, see a sick pet improve after treatment, and interact with dozens of animals and clients in a day. The services provided by the Army Veterinary Corps in car-ing for pets has expanded over the years and the standard of care has improved as well. It is truly a privilege to serve those who dedicate themselves to the protection of our Nation. The Army Veterinary Corps is indeed proud to provide care to the pets of Warfighters of the Army,Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard; their family members; and our military retirees.

150th anniversary of veterinary education and the veterinary profession in North America: part 2, 1940-1970.

This article is the second in a series of four to be published in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education (JVME). These articles are abridged versions of six lectures that make up an elective course on the history of the veterinary profession in North America offered at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine to students in all four years of the program. The course is built in part on a series of biographies and interviews captured in a collection at http://www.vet.cornell.edu/legacy, and complemented by a growing collection of historical and public policy blogs at http://www.veterinarylegacy.blogsite.com. This article describes the development of the veterinary profession from 1940 to 1970, with particular emphasis on World War II, the Land Grant colleges established in the mid- and late 1940s, women in veterinary medicine (1910-1970), and African-Americans (ca. 1890-1945). Though the article is somewhat Cornell-centric because the lectures were presented to Cornell students at their home institution, many events are representative of the broader American experience.

Ernest Arthur Kendall: his life in peace and war.

Ernest Arthur Kendall (1876-1938), whose father founded the first veterinary school in Australia, qualified as a veterinary surgeon, as did three of his brothers. He was commissioned in the Australian Army Veterinary Corps and fought with distinction in both the Boer War and World War I. He established an Australian Veterinary Hospital near Calais, France, in 1917. The Purple Cross Society of Victoria paid for the fit-out and necessary material for the running of the hospital, which treated 24,300 animals before it closed in 1919. In that year, Colonel Kendall resumed his career in the Department of Agriculture Victoria, where he was appointed Chief Veterinary Officer in 1926 and Chairman of the Milk Board in 1934. He worked toward a pure milk supply, enabled the establishment of a laboratory to test milk samples, and looked forward to a well-planned campaign for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis.

On means of transport of Danish veterinarians during the last two hundred years.

For almost 20 years the authors have been selecting and editing the material referring to the means of transport which Danish veterinarians used in the 18th, 19th and 20th century. The source material contains memoirs, advertisements from veterinary medical journals, obituaries and other sources, based on which a 210-page book in the Danish language has been published. The article presents an abridged version of this book. In Denmark, the first veterinarians rendered their services at the time when this profession had not yet established itself. They were relatively poor and very often they had to walk even 15 to 20 km per day in order to visit two or three farms, where their professional help was needed. In the first half of the 19th century, the economic situation of Danish veterinarians improved, so they could afford a horse of their own. From the second half of the 19th century, the gig, a light two-wheel vehicle drawn by one horse, was in use. At the end of the 19th century, bicycles and motor-bicycles were slowly gaining ground. The gig, however, continued to be the main means of transport, because it was cheap and safe. In the 20th century, the automobile era began, but World War I prevented the widespread use of cars due to the shortage of petrol, rubber parts and the like. After the war, automobiles came into common use both in medical and veterinary practice. Only in hard winters with much snow, horses and sledges were coming to the fore again. World War II once again created the shortage of petrol and rubber tyres, so horses and gas generators were in demand. After the war, various car models completely dominated the veterinary practice, cars with built-in shelves for medicines, instruments and other medical supplies in particular. The telephone was a great help and of service to veterinarians, because many of long trips to clients were not necessary any more, thanks to the simple communication over the phone. Veterinarians were often among the first owners of the telephone in a town or village, which can still be seen in their valid phone numbers (ending with 01, 02, etc.). Some veterinarians travelled also by train, during the war in particular. When there was much snow, some used skis. Some Danish veterinarians had to accompany exotic animals on their journey from Africa or Thailand, where planes were the main means of transport. In the 19th and 20th century, veterinarians used to accompany animals during their transport at sea, for example from South America to Danish colonies in West India (Tranquebar). After World War II, several veterinarians accompanied animals transported by ships to some of the Baltic harbours in the former USSR. In Denmark, there are many islands with numerous farms, therefore, if required, veterinarians from the continent have to be ready to go to the islands any time, day or night. In such cases boats are the primary means of transport, but planes and helicopters are also used in modern times. In Greenland, veterinary services are provided by veterinarians travelling by ships or boats, helicopters, and sometimes even dog-sledges.

[Military veterinary services in the former Dutch East Indies 1849-1950]. / De Militair Veterinaire Dienst in voormalig Nederlands-Indië 1849-1950.

The former Dutch colony is a vast archipelago and Java was the center of the Dutch colonial authority. In the outlying districts this authority had lesser influence. The army had a double task, at the one hand the protection of Java against foreign aggression and on the other hand police actions in the outlying districts. As usual during the 19th century, the army used animals, principally horses, but elephants were also used for provisioning the remote districts. In the beginning the veterinary care was in the hands of empiricists, but in 1830 the first officer horsedoctor was active and little by little a military veterinary service was developed and well trained vets came to the colony They were at the basis of the development of; veternnary medicine in the Dutch East Indies.